
Immunohistochemistry is the most widely used field of immunostaining. It utilizes the principle of antibodies specifically binding to antigens in tissues. It involves the process of selectively identifying antigens in cells within a tissue section.
Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis and sometimes in determining the characteristics of abnormal cells found in cancerous tissue.
This allows for accurate typing of tumors that are similar but may require completely different treatments. In tumor differential diagnosis, staining for cell lineage can help determine the cell type from which the tumor originates. For some tumor types, immunohistochemistry is necessary to guide treatment.
Another group of stains gives an idea about the prognosis (clinical course) of the disease.
Estrogen, Progesterone, Her-2, Cytokeratin, PDL-1 are the immunohistochemical stains that are frequently performed.
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