Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, after breast, lung, and colon cancers, and the tenth most common cancer in Turkey. According to calculations by the World Health Organization, there were 662,301 new cases worldwide in 2022.
In the same year, due to illness 348.874 has been the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in women and is realized in death. According to the latest official data released, the incidence of cervical cancer in our country, about 4.5 per hundred thousand % of women diagnosed with cervical cancer and within a year has been 2.374.
International Agency for research on cancer, the disease which is the main factor of human papilloma virus (HPV) male cancers than 1% of women and 5 to 10% than that is responsible for the reveals. The data that our country is examined, HPV-related cancers are seen to affect women more than women; men of HPV associated with cancer, it is estimated that about 5 times.
Nearly all cervical cancer occurs due to some types of HPV, although everyone from this infection do not develop cancer. More than 200 HPV is the name of a group of viruses and does not cause an active infection most people. High-risk types of HPV persistent infection with HPV is the cause of cervical cancer.
The cervix (opening of the uterus)
The cervix, the uterus and the vagina is located at the mouth of continuity with the shows. The external environment due to the neighborhood with her vagina is open. Therefore is affected by the external environment. Transformation of the cervical epithelium is the point. Vagina and cervix epithelium with squamous epithelium of the vulva covers the outer portion of the vagina facing doseyici while remaining the inner portion is covered with columnar epithelium.
Epithelial tumors are at risk of transformation points. Therefore, these regions must be observed carefully. The HPV virus can infect the area with a mandate to settle in this region. HPV is a DNA virus which is settled by changes in the DNA of the cells of the tumor cell can succeed in changing the direction. The changes in the cell mentioned this tier-Tier. These changes can be easily detected in the cells examined under the microscope.
Cervical cancer and HPV
Still the most important weapon we have against cancer, knowing the factors that caused him will protect him. For instance, the most important weapon in preventing lung cancer is not to smoke. Therefore, the most important weapon in the struggle against cervical cancer is to prevent HPV infection. It is a pretty good preventative to use a condom during sexual intercourse. In addition, in recent years, HPV vaccines have been included in routine immunization programs in developed countries, it is also a very good protection, whether this vaccine be included in routine immunization schedule in our country soon, we hope.
The other very important for all cancers cancer precursor lesions outside of the protection is to treat the second and locate a weapon. Unfortunately this does not apply to, which is quite valuable diagnostic method to avoid the cancer cancers. For example, in pioneering breast cancer lesions, radiology-pathology recognized for joint efforts, while lung cancer, unfortunately, such a facility is not available yet.
Precursor lesions of cervical cancer in the cervix dysplastic changes-known as intraepithelial neoplasms.
Dysplasias; low-grade dysplasia, and severe dysplasia is divided into 2 parts.
Which is the most risky in terms of cancer are severe dysplasia. Direct HPV infections-severe dysplasia can begin. HPV infections are also generated Tarfa low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, scroll, and can cause cancer, but high-grade dysplasia less likely than they are. All these dysplastic changes are easily identifiable by microscopic examination.
Made for the purpose of cancer screening and Pap test is the test which is pretty good.
Smear
In a Pap test, the aim is to determine and treat them before they progress to cancer, the cancer dysplastic replacement. The success of a smear test, along with an increase in the incidence of cancer precursor lesions, cervical cancer is the reduction in incidence. This cancer before it gets to the stage of cancer precursor lesions in the countries under test, you can get there.
It is possible with a simple mathematical example to understand the benefits of a smear test;
Dysplastic changes in the number of patients seen: 10
Number of patients with cancer seen in: 10
The dysplastic degiisiklik+cancer=20
When a Pap test increased the number of women who made a scan with the scan;
Dysplastic changes in the number of patients seen: 13
Number of patients with cancer seen in: 7
Dysplastic changes of+cancer= 20
3 dysplastic changes in the population of patients with cancer were included. Has received a cancer diagnosis and before any symptoms have been treated.
We can say clearly that a Pap test for cervical cancer prevention is extremely important. HPV infection that recognize the sensitivity of the PCR test is further increased. PCR smear and HPV tests are often recommended is a combination of both. These tests should be performed at regular intervals, not necessarily women who are sexually active. Regarding the frequency scanning of the Ministry of health national screening programmes can be monitored.
How Is A Pap Test Done ?
A Pap test, conventional and liquid-based cytology as 2 methods are used. Studies of liquid-based cytology is a method that supports more sensitive. A Pap test is a simple, non-invasive, without harm to the patient and fairly inexpensive method. Therefore, it is used as a screening test. A screening test, either healthy or sick, whether they are tests that need to be made for every individual.
A smear test is done in the following way;
In women, a vaginal examination, the cells of the cervix with a brush or directly collected in a liquid Lama shed and is enclosed.
Received into the liquid of the cells after the process of a team with some tools, is propagated to the Lama. Pap staining microscopic examination after staining with then called a painting of the method is subjected to. Usually the Bethesda reporting system is used.
Cancer test about this test, which is quite valuable in terms of the awareness of women to provide better access to testing, from a public health standpoint, increasing number of women are very valuable.
The HPV vaccine be included in routine immunization schedule to the Ministry of Health is also necessary for the creation of public pressure is also an important issue.
