{"id":3050,"date":"2024-11-08T02:22:12","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T23:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/?p=3050"},"modified":"2026-05-07T04:00:19","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T04:00:19","slug":"akciger-kanseri-farkindaligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/en\/2024\/11\/08\/akciger-kanseri-farkindaligi\/","title":{"rendered":"Lung Cancer Awareness"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lung cancer accounts for approximately one-third of cancer deaths in men and is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common cancers among men in Turkey are respiratory tract cancers (trachea, bronchus, lung). Each year, approximately 40,000 new lung cancer cases and 25,000 lung cancer-related deaths are recorded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lung cancer is most commonly seen in individuals in their 50s and 60s. At the time of diagnosis, more than 50% of patients have distant metastases, while one-quarter have the disease in regional lymph nodes. In other words, at the time of diagnosis, 80% of cases have already spread beyond the lungs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The prognosis of lung cancer is still very poor. Regardless of the stage, the overall 5-year survival rate for lung cancer is approximately 20%. Even if the disease is localized to the lung at the time of diagnosis, the 5-year survival rate is only around 50%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2558\" height=\"806\" class=\"wp-image-3078\" style=\"width: 804px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-1.jpg 2558w, https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-1-300x95.jpg 300w, https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-1-1024x323.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-1-768x242.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-1-1536x484.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-1-2048x645.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2558px) 100vw, 2558px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recently used targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise. These treatments have extended overall survival rates in cancers that are sensitive to these drugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lung carcinoma is strongly associated with tobacco smoking. There is a direct correlation between the amount of tobacco used and the risk of developing lung cancer and lung diseases. Therefore, reducing the daily amount of tobacco consumption is important for preventing lung cancer and other lung-related diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are four main histological types of lung carcinoma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Adenokarsinom,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccreli karsinom,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccreli karsinom (n\u00f6roendokrin karsinomun bir alt tipi)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Large cell carcinoma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccreli ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccreli karsinom, sigarayla en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ili\u015fkiye sahiptir. Sigara i\u00e7imi ile bu iki t\u00fcm\u00f6r kadar olmasa da adenokarsinomunda ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6nceleri skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccreli karsinoma en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen akci\u011fer kanseri tipiydi. Ancak son y\u0131llarda t\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7iminin azalmas\u0131yla, adenokarsinom en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen birincil akci\u011fer t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fc olarak yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Adenokarsinom ayr\u0131ca kad\u0131nlarda, hi\u00e7 sigara i\u00e7meyenlerde ve 45 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bireylerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan en yayg\u0131n birincil akci\u011fer t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yak\u0131n zamana kadar akci\u011fer karsinomu iki geni\u015f gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccreli akci\u011fer kanseri (KHAK)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccreli olmayan akci\u011fer kanseri (KHDAK)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130kinci grup adenokarsinom, skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccreli karsinom ve b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fccreli karsinomu kaps\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu tarihi ayr\u0131m\u0131n nedeni, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccreli karsinom ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccreli d\u0131\u015f\u0131 akci\u011fer karsinomlar\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla cerrahi rezeke edilebilir olmas\u0131 ve bir grup geleneksel kemoterapiye iyi yan\u0131t vermemesiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak son y\u0131llarda, KHDAK&#8217;nin bir alt grubunda bulunan belirli onkoproteinleri hedef alan etkili tedaviler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca imm\u00fcnoterapi yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 (kontrol noktas\u0131 blokaj\u0131), KHDAK&#8217;nin bir alt grubu i\u00e7in onay alm\u0131\u015f ve tedavi se\u00e7enekleri aras\u0131ndaki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">G\u00fcncel S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u0131smen bu klinik geli\u015fmeler nedeniyle, akci\u011fer karsinomunun eski s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda WHO taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcncellenmi\u015ftir :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Adenocarcinoma\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Asiner, papiller, mikropapiller, solid, lepidik bask\u0131n, musin\u00f6z alt tiple<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccreli karsinom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Large cell carcinoma<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00f6roendokrin karsinom\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccreli karsinom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Karsinoid t\u00fcm\u00f6r<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mikst karsinomlar\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Adenosquamous carcinoma<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccreli karsinom ve di\u011fer tipler<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Daha az g\u00f6r\u00fclen morfolojik varyantlar\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sarkomatoid karsinom\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spindle h\u00fccreli karsinom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dev h\u00fccreli karsinom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di\u011fer kanserler gibi, sigarayla ili\u015fkili akci\u011fer karsinomlar\u0131 da ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta kanser olmayan kanser \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc h\u00fccrelerden geli\u015fmektedir.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu h\u00fccrelerin DNA&#8217;s\u0131nda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bir b\u00f6lgede bozukluk meydana gelmektedir. Hem bu bozulman\u0131n te\u015fvik etmesi hem de di\u011fer zararl\u0131 ajanlar\u0131n etkisi ile bozukluklar artarak h\u00fccreyi kanser h\u00fccresine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta kanser olmayan sigara i\u00e7icilerin solunum yolu epitelinde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen kromozom 3&#8217;\u00fcn (3p), k\u0131sa kolunda bozukluklar meydana gelir. Bozulmalar, bu b\u00f6lgede d\u00fczenlenen t\u00fcm\u00f6r bask\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 genlerin inaktive olarak g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirememesine sebep olurlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"800\" class=\"wp-image-3072\" src=\"https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-2.jpg 632w, https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-2-237x300.jpg 237w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lerlemi\u015f t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerdeki kanser h\u00fccrelerinde, TP53 t\u00fcm\u00f6r bask\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 geninde ve KRAS onkogeninde mutasyonlar mevcuttur. 3p&#8217;deki kromozomal materyal kayb\u0131 gibi belirli genetik de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, sigara i\u00e7en ancak akci\u011fer kanseri olmayan ki\u015filerin iyi huylu bron\u015fiyal epitelinde bile bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu durum, solunum mukozas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f alanlar\u0131n\u0131n kanserojenlere maruz kalma sonucu mutajenize oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu b\u00f6lgeler kanser geli\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan verimli topraklard\u0131r. Ek mutasyonlar sonucu bu h\u00fccreler sonunda kansere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu mutasyonlar\u0131n ortaya konmas\u0131 ak\u0131ll\u0131 ila\u00e7 ya da hedefe y\u00f6nelik ila\u00e7lar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Bozuk olan olumsuz fonksiyonlar\u0131 bask\u0131layan ak\u0131ll\u0131 ila\u00e7lar t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn daha fazla b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini, yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 durdurmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En iyi bilinen ve tedavide kullan\u0131labilen mutasyonlar EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1, HER2 ve MET&#8217;dir. Bu mutasyonlar\u0131n patolojik incelemede saptanmas\u0131 &#8220;ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f&#8221; akci\u011fer kanseri tedavisinde yeni bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"933\" height=\"569\" class=\"wp-image-3066\" src=\"https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-3.jpeg 933w, https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-3-300x183.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-3-768x468.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 933px) 100vw, 933px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sigara ve sigaraya g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha az etkisi olan di\u011fer \u00e7evresel kanserojenlerin akci\u011fer kanserlerine yol a\u00e7an mutasyonlardan sorumlu ana su\u00e7lular oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Akci\u011fer kanserlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %90&#8217;\u0131 \u015fu anda sigara i\u00e7en veya yak\u0131n zamanda b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi akci\u011fer kanseri s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sigara i\u00e7menin paket-y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda neredeyse do\u011frusal bir korelasyon vard\u0131r. Yo\u011fun \u015fekilde sigara i\u00e7en ki\u015filerde (20 y\u0131l boyunca g\u00fcnde iki paket) sigara i\u00e7meyenlere g\u00f6re kansere yakalanma riski 60 kat daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Bilinmeyen nedenlerle, kad\u0131nlar t\u00fct\u00fcn duman\u0131ndaki kanserojenlere erkeklerden daha duyarl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakmak zamanla akci\u011fer kanseri geli\u015ftirme riskini azaltsa da, bu risk asla temel seviyelere d\u00f6nmez ve akci\u011fer kanserinin tam geli\u015fiminden \u00f6nceki genetik de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, daha \u00f6nce sigara i\u00e7en ki\u015filerin bron\u015fiyal epitelinde y\u0131llarca devam edebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pasif i\u00e7icilik (sigara i\u00e7en ki\u015filere yak\u0131n olmak) da, pipo ve puro i\u00e7imi gibi, akci\u011fer kanserine yakalanma riskini sigara kadar olmasa da art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baz\u0131 meslek gruplar\u0131nda solunan kimyasal tozlarda akci\u011fer kanseri geli\u015fim riskini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu kimyasallar aras\u0131nda asbest, arsenik, krom, nikel ve vinil klor\u00fcr yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asbest \u00fclkemizde baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde \u00f6zellikle baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerde evde s\u0131va malzemesi olarakta kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bu k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fayan insanlarda akci\u011fer kanseri ve mezotelyoma denilen akci\u011fer zar\u0131 kanseri riski belirgin olarak artmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>Mesleki olarak kanserojenlere maruz kalanlar sigarada i\u00e7iyorlarsa akci\u011fer kanseri g\u00f6r\u00fclme riski katlanarak artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130ki kanserojen aras\u0131ndaki sinerjik etkile\u015fimin temel bir \u00f6rne\u011fi asbest ve t\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7iminde bulunur. Sigara i\u00e7meyenlerde asbeste maruz kalma akci\u011fer kanseri geli\u015ftirme riskini 5 kat art\u0131r\u0131rken, yo\u011fun sigara i\u00e7en ve asbeste maruz kalan ki\u015filerde risk yakla\u015f\u0131k 55 kat artar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sigara i\u00e7me ve di\u011fer \u00e7evresel etkiler akci\u011fer kanserinin olu\u015fumunda en \u00f6nemli etkenler olsa da, t\u00fct\u00fcn duman\u0131na maruz kalan t\u00fcm bireylerde akci\u011fer kanser geli\u015fmez. Yo\u011fun sigara i\u00e7en bireylerin bile yaln\u0131zca %11&#8217;inde akci\u011fer kanseri geli\u015fir. Peki neden ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir\u00e7ok kimyasal karaci\u011ferde bulunan sitokrom P-450 monooksijenaz sistemi taraf\u0131ndan detoksifiye edilmektedir. Sigara i\u00e7enlerde t\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn yanmas\u0131 ile ortaya bir\u00e7ok kimyasal \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu kimyasallar karaci\u011ferdeki sitokrom p450 monooksijenaz sistemi taraf\u0131ndan metabolize edilerek detoksifiye edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sitokrom p450 monoksijenaz sistemi insanlarda en fazla gen polimorfizminin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sistemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"530\" class=\"wp-image-3070\" src=\"https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-4.jpg 600w, https:\/\/marmarapatoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/akciger-kanseri-4-300x265.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gen polimorfizmi nedeni ile kimyasallar detoksifiye edilirken olu\u015fan ara metabolitler ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Yani p450 sistemi bir bireyde kimyasal\u0131 detoksifiye ederken A maddesi ara metaboliti olu\u015furken di\u011fer bireyde B maddesi olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u011f\u0131r sigara i\u00e7icili\u011finde akci\u011fer kanserinin neden baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gen p450 polimorfizmi ile a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Periferik kan lenfositleri t\u00fct\u00fcnle ili\u015fkili karsinojenlere maruz kald\u0131ktan sonra kromozomal k\u0131r\u0131lmalar ge\u00e7iren bireylerin (mutajen duyarl\u0131 genotip), kontrol deneklerine g\u00f6re akci\u011fer kanseri geli\u015ftirme risklerinin 10 kat daha fazla oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Kanserde halen en \u00f6nemli silah\u0131m\u0131z kanser olmadan \u00f6nce ki a\u015famada kanser \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc lezyonlar\u0131 yakalay\u0131p tedavi edebilmektir.<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Akci\u011ferin invaziv adenokarsinomlar\u0131n\u0131n atipik adenomat\u00f6z hiperplazi-adenokarsinom in situ gibi, skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccreli karsinomunda, skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccre displazisi zemininden geli\u015fti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Ancak bu lezyonlar\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemde yakalanmas\u0131 ile ilgili hen\u00fcz daha yeterli tan\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Farelerde akci\u011fer hasar\u0131 modelleri \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bron\u015fiyoalveolar kanal kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda akci\u011fer \u00e7evresinde bron\u015fiyoalveolar k\u00f6k h\u00fccreler (BASC&#8217;ler) ad\u0131 verilen multipotent bir h\u00fccre pop\u00fclasyonu tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Akci\u011fer hasar\u0131ndan sonra, multipotent BASC&#8217;ler \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r ve bu konumda bulunan normal h\u00fccre tiplerini (bron\u015fiyolar Clara h\u00fccreleri ve alveolar h\u00fccreler) hasar sonras\u0131 yenilerler. B\u00f6ylece epitel rejenerasyonunu kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BASC&#8217;lerin tam geli\u015fmi\u015f maligniteye yol a\u00e7an de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ba\u015flatan ilk mutasyonu ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>Skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccreli karsinomlar\u0131n geli\u015fimine yol a\u00e7an ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 lezyonlar\u0131 iyi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u011f\u0131r sigara i\u00e7icilerinin, solunum yolu epitelinde ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta son derece zarars\u0131z ve masum olan bazal h\u00fccre hiperplazisi ve skuam\u00f6z metaplazi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Zaman i\u00e7erisinde karsinojene maruziyetin devam etmesi ile bu masum lezyonlardan skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccre displazisi buradan da, karsinoma in situ ve invaziv kanser geli\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Karsinojene maruziyet ile bu geli\u015fim riski aras\u0131nda do\u011frusal bir korelasyon vard\u0131r.<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccreli karsinomlar, akci\u011ferin merkezi k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda (ana bron\u015f ve dallar\u0131) ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma e\u011filimindedir. K\u00f6k h\u00fccre benzeri \u00f6zelliklere sahip bazal skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccrelerden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Son derece agresif seyirli olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccreli karsinom i\u00e7in, \u00f6nc\u00fcl lezyonlar a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcm\u00f6rler ayr\u0131ca, iki en \u00f6nemli t\u00fcm\u00f6r bask\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 gen olan TP53 ve RB&#8217;de hemen hemen her zaman fonksiyon kayb\u0131 mutasyonlar\u0131na sahip olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle di\u011fer akci\u011fer karsinom t\u00fcrlerinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccreli karsinomlar\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme potansiyeline sahiptir. Metastazlar erken d\u00f6nemde geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Akci\u011fer kanserinde, son d\u00f6nemlerde hedefe y\u00f6nelik ve imm\u00fcn kontrol noktas\u0131 inhibit\u00f6rleri tedavisi ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olsa da halen bu ba\u015far\u0131 istenilen d\u00fczeylerde de\u011fildir.<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tan\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri, kanser \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc lezyonlar\u0131 yakalamada, kanserlerde oldu\u011fu kadar etkin de\u011fildir. Halen kanserle m\u00fccadelede en \u00f6nemli silah sigara ve t\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan m\u00fccadele, mesleki maruziyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finin geli\u015ftirilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kanser nedeni ile \u00f6l\u00fcmde halen 1. S\u0131rada akci\u011fer kanseri yer almaktad\u0131r. T\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile m\u00fccadelede yap\u0131lan sosyal duyarl\u0131l\u0131k projelerinin desteklenmesi, insanlar\u0131n bu konuda duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve t\u00fct\u00fcne ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 akci\u011fer kanseri ile m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemlilik arz etmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu kanser \u00fclkelerin ekonomisine de a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fckler bindirmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam i\u00e7in t\u00fct\u00fcn ve t\u00fct\u00fcn duman\u0131ndan uzak durmak hayat felsefimiz olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/h4>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lung cancer accounts for approximately one-third of cancer deaths in men and is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3061,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Akci\u011fer Kanseri Fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 - Marmara Patoloji<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Akci\u011fer kanseri, kanser nedenli \u00f6l\u00fcmlerde halen 1. s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r. 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